abstract：:Dicer, an RNase III type endonuclease, is the key enzyme involved in RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. It is required for biogenesis of miRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and also plays an important role in an effector step of RNA silencing, the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) assemb...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Jaskiewicz L,Filipowicz W

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Production of type I IFN is the key response to viral infection. Since the discovery of type I IFNs in 1957, long double-stranded RNA formed during replication of many viruses was thought to be responsible for type I IFN induction, and for decades double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) was thought to be th...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Schlee M,Barchet W,Hornung V,Hartmann G

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was the first pandemic transmissible disease of previously unknown aetiology in the twenty-first century. Early epidemiologic investigations suggested an animal origin for SARS-CoV. Virological and serological studies indicated that masked palm civets ( Paguma larvata), togethe...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Wang LF,Eaton BT

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The collaboration between Alick Isaacs and myself started in the summer of 1956. Our initial project was to show, by electron microscopy, that interference between inactivated influenza virus and live virus involved the transfer of material from the interfering virus to the host cell. This approach failed for technica...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Lindenmann J

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the wealth of data describing the ecological factors that underpin viral emergence, little is known about the evolutionary processes that allow viruses to jump species barriers and establish productive infections in new hosts. Understanding the evolutionary basis to virus emergence is therefore a key research ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Holmes EC,Drummond AJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) related to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) after organ transplantation is 500-1000 times greater than in the general population, and its occurrence is associated with immunosuppressive therapy. The reported incidence of posttransplant KS ranges from 0.5% to 5%, d...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Marcelin AG,Calvez V,Dussaix E

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with reciprocal and balanced chromosomal translocations always involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARa) gene on chromosome 17 and variable partner genes (X genes) on distinct chromosomes. RARalpha fuses to the PML gene in the majority of APL cases, and in a few...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Scaglioni PP,Pandolfi PP

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific T cell responses to a variety of self and microbial lipids depend on proper assembly and intracellular trafficking of CD 1 molecules that intersect with and load processed lipid antigens. These pathways involve unique membrane trafficking and chaperones that are distinct from those utilized for major histocom...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Sugita M,Barral DC,Brenner MB

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past two decades of gene targeting experiments have allowed us to make significant strides towards understanding how the Myc/Max/Mad network influences multiple aspects of cellular behavior during development. Here we summarize the findings obtained from the myc/max/mad knockout mice generated to date, namely thos...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Pirity M,Blanck JK,Schreiber-Agus N

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been estimated that there are more microorganisms within and upon the human body than there are human cells. By necessity, every accessible niche must be defended by innate mechanisms to prevent invasive infection, and ideally that precludes the need for robust inflammatory responses. Yet the potential for path...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Yeaman MR,Bayer AS

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor DNA contains valuable clues about the origin and pathogenesis of human cancers. Alterations in DNA methylation can lead to silencing of genes associated with distinct tumorigenic pathways. These pathway-specific DNA methylation changes help define tumor-specific DNA methylation profiles that can be used to furth...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Campan M,Weisenberger DJ,Laird PW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rotaviruses, members of the family Reoviridae, are icosahedral triple-layered viruses with genomes consisting of 11 segments of double-stranded (ds)RNA. A characteristic feature of rotavirus-infected cells is the formation of large cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, termed viroplasms. These dynamic and highly organized...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Patton JT,Silvestri LS,Tortorici MA,Vasquez-Del Carpio R,Taraporewala ZF

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imprinting is the uniparental expression of a set of genes. Somatic cells carry two haploid sets of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal, while germ cells contain only one of the two forms of chromosomes, male or female. This implies that during early embryogenesis the cells committed for developing the future g...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： El-Maarri O,Slim R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Picornaviridae encompass many positive-strand RNA viruses, all of which share a generally similar genome design and capsid structure, but which induce quite diverse diseases in humans and other animals. Picornavirus strains of the same serotype have been shown to express different virulence (or pathogenic) phenoty...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Tracy S,Chapman NM,Drescher KM,Kono K,Tapprich W

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measles ranks fifth among the five major childhood conditions which are responsible for 21% of all deaths in low and middle-income countries. Measles immunization is considered the most cost-effective public health intervention in the world. In recent years, there has been a critical need to identify alternative route...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Valdespino-Gómez JL,de Lourdes Garcia-Garcia M,Fernandez-de-Castro J,Henao-Restrepo AM,Bennett J,Sepulveda-Amor J

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In conventionally reared mice germinal centers (GCs) are chronically induced in Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), as a result of continuous B cell stimulation by commensal bacteria. It is generally thought that BCR-mediat...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Casola S,Rajewsky K

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The self-cleaving RNA sequences, or ribozymes, in the genomic and antigenomic strands of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA fold into structures that are similar to each other but distinct from those of small ribozymes associated with the RNA replicons that infect plants. HDV ribozymes have provided a tractable system fo...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Been MD

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has so far been difficult to identify genes behind polygenic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type I diabetes (T1D). With proper animal models, some of the complexity behind these diseases can be reduced. The use of linkage analysis and positional cloning of genes ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Johannesson M,Hultqvist M,Holmdahl R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naturally arising CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3, play key roles in the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of a variety of physiological and pathological immune responses. The majority of them are produced by the normal thymus as a functionally ma...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Sakaguchi S,Setoguchi R,Yagi H,Nomura T

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initial studies of how bacterial toxins modulate the actin cytoskeleton have focused primarily on the mode of action of these toxins. More recently, studies have addressed the molecular interactions of these toxins with host cell signaling pathways and how toxins modulate cellular physiology. Although each individual ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Baldwin MR,Barbieri JT

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The catalytic polypeptides of certain bacterial and plant protein toxins reach their substrates in the cytosol of mammalian cells by retro-translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Emerging evidence indicates that these proteins subvert the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway that normally remove...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Lord JM,Roberts LM,Lencer WI

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an experimental model that closely resembles human autoimmune gastritis, the underlying pathology of pernicious anemia. Pathogenic CD4+ T cells are reactive to the parietal cell autoantigen, H/K ATPase, and are controlled by CD4+CD25+ T cells in an immunosuppressive cytokine-independent m...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： McHugh RS

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhabdoviruses, mainly in rainbow trout, are among the most devastating viruses for worldwide aquaculture. To date no effective treatments to fight against these viruses are available. During the past years, several approaches to develop efficient vaccines have been undertaken such as the use of immunogenic recombinant...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Brémont M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rho GTPases are molecular switches controlling a broad range of cellular processes including lymphocyte activation. Not surprisingly, Rho GTPases are now recognized as pivotal regulators of antigen-specific T cell activation by APCs and immunological synapse formation. This review summarizes recent advances in our und...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Deckert M,Moon C,Le Bras S

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selected microenvironmental stimuli confer to leukemic cells a growth advantage and an extended survival. We aimed at dissecting the differential support provided by the different cellular components of the microenvironment where CLL cells accumulate. To this end we cultured purified CLL cells in vitro in the presence...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Ghia P,Circosta P,Scielzo C,Vallario A,Camporeale A,Granziero L,Caligaris-Cappio F

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular mimics of self-antigens can behave as altered peptide ligands and serve to ameliorate autoimmune disease. Analysis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with proteomic autoantibody microarrays reveals that there might exist a wide variety of microbes with features that mimic self-epitopes. Autoimmunit...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Steinman L,Utz PJ,Robinson WH

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B cell development is a process tightly regulated by the orchestrated signaling of cytokine receptors, the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) and the B cell receptor (BCR). It commences with common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) up-regulating the expression of B cell-related genes and committing to the B cell lineage. Cytokine sig...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Clark MR,Cooper AB,Wang LD,Aifantis I

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the largest RNA virus, coronavirus replication employs complex mechanisms and involves various viral and cellular proteins. The first open reading frame of the coronavirus genome encodes a large polyprotein, which is processed into a number of viral proteins required for viral replication directly or indirectly. Th...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Shi ST,Lai MM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Every enveloped virus fuses its membrane with a host cell membrane, thereby releasing its genome into the cytoplasm and initiating the viral replication cycle. In each case, one or a small set of viral surface transmembrane glycoproteins mediates fusion. Viral fusion proteins vary in their mode of activation and in st...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Earp LJ,Delos SE,Park HE,White JM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes can result in either anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects or prostimulatory consequences through presentation of cell-associated antigens to T cells. The differences in outcome are due to the conditions under which apoptosis is induced, the type of phagocytic cell,...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Skoberne M,Beignon AS,Larsson M,Bhardwaj N

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poliovirus (PV) is the causal agent of paralytic poliomyelitis, an acute disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in flaccid paralysis. The development of new animal and cell models has allowed the key steps of the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis to be investigated at the molecular level. In particular, it ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Blondel B,Colbère-Garapin F,Couderc T,Wirotius A,Guivel-Benhassine F

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An evolution in modern malaria research occurred with the completion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome project and the onset and application of novel post-genomic technologies. Corresponding with these technological achievements are improvements in accessing and purifying parasite material from 'hard-to-reach' stage...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Blair PL,Carucci DJ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review will focus on the principal clinical and pathophysiological features of the anaemia of falciparum malaria, including the problems of treating malarial anaemia, and also will suggest how recent advances in genomics may help our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this syndrome. ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Roberts DJ,Casals-Pascual C,Weatherall DJ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation and expansion of T cells in an antimicrobial immune response is based on the ability of T cell receptors (TCR) to discriminate between MHC-bound peptides derived from different microbial agents as well as self-proteins. However, the specificity of T cells is constrained by the limited number of peptide ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Wucherpfennig KW

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ischemic cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure remains the leading source of morbidity and mortality in Western society and medical management of this condition offers only palliative treatment. While allogeneic heart transplantation can both extend and improve the quality of life for patients with end-st...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Krupnick AS,Kreisel D,Riha M,Balsara KR,Rosengard BR

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family contains 23 members in mammals including its prototype members FGF-1 and FGF-2. FGFs have been implicated in regulation of many key cellular responses involved in developmental and physiological processes. These includes proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, an...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Wiedłocha A,Sørensen V

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenoviruses contain genes that have evolved to control the host immune and inflammatory responses; however, it is not clear whether these genes function primarily to facilitate survival of the virus during acute infection or during its persistent phase. These issues have assumed greater importance as the use of adeno...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Fessler SP,Delgado-Lopez F,Horwitz MS

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis requires nutrients both as precursors (amino acids) and as a source of energy, since this process consumes a high proportion of cellular metabolic energy. Recent work has shown that both types of nutrients directly influence the activities of components of the translational machinery in mammalian cel...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Proud CG

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how cell growth is regulated in response to environmental signals remains a challenging biological problem. Recent studies indicate the TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase acts within an intracellular regulatory network used by eukaryotic cells to regulate their growth according to nutrient availability. Th...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Powers T,Dilova I,Chen CY,Wedaman K

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative-strand RNA virus particles are formed by a process that includes the assembly of viral components at the plasma membranes of infected cells and the subsequent release of particles by budding. Here, we review recent progress that has been made in understanding the mechanisms of negative-strand RNA virus assemb...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Schmitt AP,Lamb RA

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00